IBM’s latest 156-qubit quantum chip can run 50 times faster than its predecessor, equipping it for scientific research

IBM’s newest quantum computer is now powerful enough useful scientific researchScientists say this happened after the company made significant hardware and software improvements to its quantum system.

The new system consists of two parts: a new 156-qubit quantum processing unit (QPU), called R2 IBM Heron (second generation of a chip) launched last year); and Qiskit — a collection of software tools and algorithms designed to optimize quantum computing performance.

The result is a new system that can perform tasks up to 50 times faster than previous efforts. benchmark data. For reference, IBM’s 2023 quantum utility experiment published in the journal NatureThe most powerful quantum computer at the time took 122 hours to run the benchmark workloads. Equipped with the R2 Heron QPU, the new system took just 2.4 hours to install.

IBM representatives said the new quantum computers, located in IBM’s data centers around the world, could tackle scientific problems in materials, chemistry, life sciences, high-energy physics and more. expression.

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“Advances in IBM Quantum hardware and Qiskit enable our users to create new algorithms in which advanced quantum and classical supercomputing resources can be combined to combine their respective strengths.” Jay Gambettavice president of IBM Quantum, said in the statement.

Next generation quantum processing

R2 Heron is equipped with QPU 156 qubits arranged in a heavy hexagonal lattice – a topological structure Which IBM uses for all its quantum processors. This enables the system to reliably execute quantum circuits consisting of up to 5,000 two-qubit gates; This is nearly double the 2,880 two-qubit gates in the 2023 utility experiment powered by the 127-qubit Eagle QPU.

Two-qubit gates are necessary to unlock the exponential power of a quantum computer; where the more qubits installed in a system, the more calculations can be executed in parallel. Single-qubit gates allow individual qubits to rotate or flip their states, while two-qubit gates operating in pairs of qubits leverage the laws of quantum mechanics to enable entanglement between them. While single-qubit gates can function at a basic level, using two-qubit gates can enable a quantum computer to perform much more complex calculations.

The new R2 Heron chip also features “two-level system mitigation”; This helps reduce the impact of disturbances to qubits interacting with the materials surrounding them. The system also benefits from software improvements for error correction, namely the use of Qiskit’s tensor error mesh reduction algorithm (TEM).

Release of the latest generation runtime engine, optimizing data movement and parametric compilationThis means the new system can run at 150,000 circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS). By comparison, baseline performance is only 950 CLOPS in 2022, compared to 37,000 CLOPS when optimizing data movement was first introduced earlier this year.

Quantum-centric supercomputing

IBM representatives claim that the latest developments fuel their vision of developing “quantum-centric” supercomputers that combine quantum and classical computers to achieve workable results in less time than they could achieve using quantum computers alone. .

This is because hybrid systems can handle workloads in parallel and break down complex algorithms by assigning parts of the task to the half of the system where it is best suited. Once these pieces are resolved, the software layer reassembles the issues seamlessly.

An applied example of quantum-centric supercomputing is at RIKEN, a scientific research center in Japan. Using a method known as “Quantum-Selected Configuration Interaction”, outlined in a paper published in the journal arXiv Using preprint database in 2023, scientists use quantum hardware to model Electronic structure of iron sulfides.

Scientists at RIKEN have also initiated a project to create a quantum-high-performance computing hybrid platform by integrating Fugaku. world’s fastest supercomputersWith an in-house IBM System Two quantum computer powered by the Heron QPU.

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IBM’s latest 156-qubit quantum chip can run 50 times faster than its predecessor, equipping it for scientific research

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IBM’s latest 156-qubit quantum chip can run 50 times faster than its predecessor, equipping it for scientific research

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